The Middle East has a long history of conflict due to its strategic crossroads location, but populations there have often experienced extended periods of relative stability and pragmatic coexistence under strong, centralized empires, such as the Ottoman, Roman/Byzantine, or Abbasid eras, where overarching authority suppressed large-scale internal chaos, even amid occasional revolts, frontier wars, or repression.
In contrast, the post-Ottoman fragmentation after World War I, with artificial borders drawn by European powers, has been marked by far more frequent interstate wars, civil conflicts, and instability, especially after the creation of modern day State of Israel.
Modern treaties and accords (like the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty, Jordan-Israel Treaty, or Abraham Accords) have delivered durable bilateral peace or normalization in specific cases when grounded in mutual interests, security needs, and power balances, but they have rarely produced broad, region-wide harmony, as core issues of identity, territory, and governance often persist.
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